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Surface depressions of the bony pelvis in relation to childbirth and pregnancy
Medvedevová, Elina ; Rmoutilová, Rebeka (advisor) ; Brůžek, Jaroslav (referee)
This bachelor's thesis describes the depressions of the pelvic bony surface, which are described in the literature as "indicators of childbirth", and summarizes the data on whether pelvic bony depressions can be associated with pregnancy and childbirth, and what other factors may be involved in the formation of these depressions. The "birth indicators" include the preauricular grooves and the dorsal fossa of the pubic bone. Historically, they have been attributed to the course of pregnancy and childbirth when physiological and hormonal changes occur. However, more recent studies and new research methods have attributed the development of these depressions not only to pregnancy but also to pelvic shape, age, increased BMI of the person, physical activity, or medical complications. A variety of factors can contribute to the development of bone surface depression in both women and men. For this reason, so-called "birth indicators" cannot be considered a reliable indicator of completed pregnancy and childbirth, and secondary use of knowledge of these depressions in sex estimation, especially by application in forensic sciences. However, it should be noted that the difference in the frequency of depression between the sexes is significant, as the incidence of such depression is more frequent and marked...
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Idiopathic scoliosis in relation to defective position of the lower extremities and the sole of the feet
Sviteková, Sophie ; Oplatková, Lenka (advisor) ; Šafářová, Marcela (referee)
The following bachelor's thesis deals with the issue of the relationship between idiopathic scoliosis and defective position of the lower limbs and feet. At first, the thesis analyses the theoretical side of the problem - biomechanics and kinesiology of the spine and lower limbs, clasification of scoliosis and different types, postural stability, gait. In the following chapter, the thesis focuses on the issue from a practical side of view, which includes an examination of patients from different views, from behind, from the side, from the front and on a podoscope (physiosensing), which measures the static and dynamic load of the feet. As part of the examination, various assymetries of the spine and lower limbs are investigated in connection with idiopathic scoliosis. The results of all the measurements of the patients are in the final chapter compared to each other and subsequently, in the discussion part, with results examined by different studies dealing with the same issues. We try to find out if their results match with ours. The goal of this bachelor's thesis is to find out, what impact have spine curvatures on the posture of the pelvis, lower limbs, feet and also the other way around. We are also proving the mutual connection between individual body segments which together make up one complex...
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Possibilities of physiotherapy in pregnant women with lumbar spine pain with regard to functional and structural parameters of the pelvis
BENEŠOVÁ, Natálie
This bachelor's thesis deals with the possibilities of using physiotherapy methods during pregnancy to relieve musculoskeletal pain, especially in the lumbar spine, while monitoring the functional and structural parameters of the pelvis. The work is divided into theoretical and practical parts. In the theoretical part, the aim is to give an overview and to write down information of a basic nature, first of all about the anatomical structures that are most closely related to this issue. The anatomy and kinesiology of the spine is described at the beginning, followed by the examination possibilities. The chapter on the pelvis is similarly structured, with more detailed functional and structural parameters of the pelvis. Furthermore, the theoretical section describes basic information on the course of pregnancy. A wide section then describes the changes on different systems during pregnancy, such as the respiratory, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, urethropoietic and reproductive systems. As an integral part, there is also a description of changes in the spine and pelvis. Finally, appropriate or inappropriate physical activities and physiotherapy methods that can be performed during pregnancy are summarized. The aim of the practical part is to observe and evaluate the effect of physiotherapy intervention for low back pain during pregnancy. The research population included three probands in the second trimester of pregnancy who were suffering from low back pain. I implemented 6 therapy sessions with each proband once every 1-2 weeks. At the beginning, I did an initial kinesiological analysis with anamnesis taking. I presented each proband a series of exercises to influence the musculoskeletal system. At each session, we summarized the other changes since the previous session. At the end of the therapy sessions, we reviewed the results and performed an outcome kinesiological analysis. The work can be used by physiotherapists in practice as inspiration for therapeutic procedures and informative educational material.
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Functional anthropometric changes of trunk position after ankle injuries
ŠVARC, Jiří
This thesis deal with functional changes in trunk position in patients after an ankle injury. Changes in trunk posture are examined on a pelvic position on probands between 4 to 8 weeks after an ankle injury. The result of the work could indicate whether the ankle joint injury affects the position of the pelvis and whether there is a typical pelvic posture after this injury. In the first part of the thesis, I present theoretical knowledge that provides the basis for the research part. I rely on the anatomical structure and kinesiology of the lower limb, the functional connection of the lower limb as a whole, the principles of generalization of functional disorders in the human body, and knowledge about injuries to the ankle joint. The aim of this thesis is to analyze functional anthropometric changes in the position of the trunk after ankle joint injuries, which are evaluated by examining the position of the spina iliaca anterior superior, spina iliaca posterior superior and crista iliaca. The research part is performed by the method of mixed research. The subject of the research is the clinical examination of ten probands after ankle joint injury and statistical evaluation of the obtained data on the position of the pelvis. Results: In all ten probands there was a decrease in at least one observed pelvic structure on the side of the injured ankle joint. Six probands showed a drop in all three structures on the injured side. In the remaining four probands, only the spina iliaca posterior superior of the injured side dropped. Conclusion: All probands after ankle joint injury showed a drop in at least one pelvic structure on the side after an ankle injury. The position of the pelvis was not the same for all probands.
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Study of Physiotherapy Treatment of a Patient after Right Pubic Rami Fracture and Right Olecranon Dislocated Fracture with Osteosynthesis
Soukup, Ondřej ; Sohrová, Jana (advisor) ; Hlinovská, Jana (referee)
(in English) Title: Study of Physiotherapy Treatment of a Patient after Right Pubic Rami Fracture and Right Olecranon Dislocated Fracture with Osteosynthesis Author: Ondřej Soukup Head of the thesis: Mgr. Jana Sohrová Type of the thesis, year of defense: Bachelor's thesis, 2022 Aims: The aim of this bachelor's thesis is to inform the reader about the diagnosis "Right Pubic Rami Fracture and Right Olecranon Fracture" both in general and specific way, summarize the available information about physiotherapy therapeutic treatment of patients with such diagnosis and elaborate a case study of a patient with such diagnosis, which consists of input kinesiological examination, therapies, output kinesiological examination and final evaluation of effect of these interventions based on comparing the input and output data. Methods: This bachelor's thesis is divided into two main sections - general and special. The general part represents the theoretical foundation for the special section, where the reader is introduced to general information regarding fractures and their treatment. Examination, treatment and therapeutical intervention used for such diagnose is also described as well as epidemiology, prognosis or potential risk factors. The special part is dedicated to actual praxis during January, 2022 at the...
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Kinematic analysis of gait in patients with hip osteoarthrosis
Říhová, Barbora ; Malá, Jitka (advisor) ; Stupková, Michaela (referee)
Author: Barbora Říhová Title: Kinematic Analysis of Gait in Patients with Hip Osteoarthrosis Objectives: The aim of this thesis was to analyse the gait patterns in probands with Stage III osteoarthritis of the hip joint, to compare these patterns with published norms and to confirm a set of pre-established hypotheses. Method: The thesis was designed as a case study, the purpose of which was to observe changes in the pelvis and trunk extension during gait, associated with significant degenerative changes in the hip joint. A total of 9 probands with Stage III osteoarthritis of the hip joint (6 females, 3 males) took part in the study. A complete physiotherapy assessment was carried out as part of the study. The temporal gait parameters were used to measure the probands' walking speed and relative stance phase duration. The following variables were measured in the frontal plane: lateral displacement of the pelvis and trunk toward the stance limb (cm) and pelvic obliquity toward the swing limb (degrees). A 3D motion analysis and evaluation of kinematic parameters were carried out using the Qualisys motion capture system device consisting of 6 infrared cameras. Gait was measured at different walking speeds during a 10-second time frame and the data was subsequently subtracted from a minimum of 5 gait...
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The influence of running shoes on leg and pelvis kinematics during the stance phase of run
Novák, Čestmír ; Malá, Jitka (advisor) ; Kaplan, Aleš (referee)
Title: The influence of running shoes on leg and pelvis kinematics during the stance phase of run Objectives: The main objective of this thesis is to detect whether there exists a connection between the type of shoes used and changes in pelvis and legs kinematics in sagittal plane while running. Methology: For a purpose of the thesis research 12 active sportsmen (6 men and 6 women) participated in lab tests. Each of them was running on a tread mill for three time sequences - each counting 20 seconds - with changes in conditions applied as follows: barefoot run, minimalistic shod run, classic shod run. The 3D analysis was analysed using the Qualisys system (200 Hz). Data analytics was executed using the Qualisys Track Manager programme, where a comparative method was applied. Further statistical procedures ANOVA a Tukey test were performed in a programme called OriginPro 8. Key findings: The executed lab tests proved influence of running shoes on legs and pelvis kinematics during a stance phase of run. The main changes in kinematics were found in an ancle during touchdown, where the angle significantly increased while running barefoot rather than classic shod running. An analysis of pelvis kinematics parameters has proven that there are no changes in pelvis movements while running in different types...
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Human locomotion after total hip replacement
Horáková, Alena ; Vilímek, Miloslav (advisor) ; Horák, Zdeněk (referee)
Title: Human locomotion after total hip replacement Objectives: The aim of this thesis is to perform a gait analysis of patients after total hip replacement and to find out, how chosen temporo-spatial, kinetic and kinematic parameters change during the first half a year after the surgery. The deviations found in gait stereotypes of individual patients are further compared with results of international studies. Methods: The thesis is theoretical-empirical, with small number of patients. 3D kinematic gait analysis was performed by Qualisys system and ground reaction forces by two Kistler force plates. The following parameters are being monitored: length of step, stance phase duration, cadence, walking speed, lateral shift of the pelvis and trunk in standing phase, contralateral pelvic drop in standing phase of the leg, maximum range of motion of the hip joint in sagital plain, maximum of vertical and medio-lateral component of the ground reaction forces in the standing phase. Results: The highest side deviations between legs were found in 3 months after the surgery and remained until 6,5 months after the surgery. In this time period a lower value of the length of step, stance phase duration, maximum range of motion of the hip joint in sagital plain and also a higher lateral shift of the pelvis was...
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Anatomical Changes on the Skeleton in the Evolution of Genus Homo
Hoffmannová, Valérie ; Dvořáková, Radka (advisor) ; Schierová, Zuzana (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to describe the anatomical features on the skeletons of species Homo habilis, Homo erectus, Homo neanderthalensi, Homo sapiens and Homo naledi. For each type are described those features which characterize it. Emphasis is placed on changes in the anatomy of the skull and pelvis, but they are also mentioned other features typical for the species. Part of this work is to outline the mobility and function of the skeleton. Information about individual species are supplemented by a description of external signs which are due to the anatomy of the skeleton. Keywords: Anatomy, Morphology, skeleton, skull, pelvis, Homo habilis, Homo erectus, Homo neanderthalensis, Homo sapiens, Homo naledi
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